From ‘I like buildings’ to ‘I can discuss architecture’s social, cultural, and economic impact in academic terms.’
Most IELTS students describe buildings as “old” or “beautiful.” High-band candidates explore design, heritage, sustainability, and urban planning. This page will help you speak about architecture with the precision of an urban scholar.
Topic Introduction
Architecture is more than shelter. It reflects our values, histories, and hopes. From towering skyscrapers to historic landmarks, the built environment influences how we live and feel. IELTS often tests your ability to describe and evaluate buildings in terms of functionality, aesthetics, or sustainability.
High-Impact Vocabulary List
Word 1: Landmark (Band 7)
• Definition: A building or site that is historically or culturally significant. • Academic Sentence: The Eiffel Tower is a globally recognised landmark and a symbol of Paris. • Perception Frame: A landmark isn’t just a place — it’s a memory cast in stone. It tells a city’s story, visible from a distance, and unforgettable up close.
Word 2: Sustainable design (Band 7–8)
• Definition: Architecture that minimises environmental impact by using energy-efficient and eco-friendly methods. • Academic Sentence: Many new buildings incorporate sustainable design to reduce their carbon footprint. • Perception Frame: Sustainable design isn’t a trend — it’s a necessity. It turns buildings into allies of the planet, blending comfort with conscience.
Word 3: Aesthetic appeal (Band 7)
• Definition: The visual attractiveness of a building or structure. • Academic Sentence: Aesthetic appeal plays a crucial role in how people perceive urban environments. • Perception Frame: Aesthetic appeal isn’t superficial — it shapes how we feel in a space. Good design lifts the spirit, poor design dulls the soul.
Word 4: Heritage site (Band 7–8)
• Definition: A location preserved for its historical, cultural, or architectural value. • Academic Sentence: Heritage sites must be protected to maintain cultural identity across generations. • Perception Frame: A heritage site is a city’s memory made permanent. It teaches us who we were — and reminds us what not to forget.
IELTS Writing Task Prompt
Prompt: Some people believe that modern buildings should reflect traditional styles, while others think that architecture should be innovative. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Band 6 Style: Some people like new style. Others like old. I think both are good. Band 7+ Style: While some argue that preserving traditional architectural styles maintains cultural identity, others believe that innovation is essential for progress. A balanced approach may be most beneficial.
Writing Frame: “While traditional architecture provides ______, modern design can offer ______.”
IELTS Speaking Challenge
Question: Describe a building you like.
Band 6 Style: I like tall buildings. They are cool and big. Band 7+ Style: One building I admire is the Taipei 101. Its unique design and sustainable features make it a symbol of modern engineering and environmental responsibility.
Try This Frame: “One building I admire is ______ because ______. It stands out due to its ______.”
Grammar Focus: Relative Clauses for Describing Structures
Examples:
- “The building, which was constructed in the 18th century, remains a cultural icon.”
- “Skyscrapers that use glass facades often require more energy for cooling.”
Practice:
- Rewrite: This is a building. It has beautiful design. → “This is a building that features beautiful design.”
- Create your own: The ______, which ______, is known for ______.
Vocabulary Recap
- Landmark
- Sustainable design
- Aesthetic appeal
- Heritage site
These words help you describe buildings with nuance, connect them to culture, and speak about architecture academically.
Next Step
Explore related topics:
- Cities and Urban Planning
- Environment and Sustainability
- Culture and Heritage
Join the full course to master architectural vocabulary, improve your essay structures, and describe buildings with clarity and power.
A building isn’t just where you live — it’s how a civilisation expresses itself. Learn to see beyond walls and speak the language of structure.